This brief summarizing research and practice related to Complex Instruction in SFUSD. In 2010, San Francisco Unified School District was in its second year of support mathematics teachers in the use of Complex INstruction. The instructional approach of CI stems from research by Stanford. Professors Elizabeth Cohen ad Rachel Loto. Cohen and Lotan argue that stduents’ self perception of smartness and teachers’ perception of the students influence the students’ participation and access to new content.
