January, 2025

Interrupting the Precursors to Disproportionality in Special Education Toward Black Students Thriving in SFUSD 

This research brief summarizes project findings from Year 1 (2023/24), the first half of Year 2 (the current year), and the next phase of work, which will comprise in-depth, site-level exploration and analyses of Black students’ experiences in SFUSD. This project’s purpose is to understand drivers of persistent racial disparities in special education placements, positioning discipline as a precursor, to develop and implement changes in school and district systems.